ESTRUTURAS SOCIAIS E REFORMAS PENAIS: CRÍTICAS MARXISTAS À PUNIÇÃO NO CAPITALISMO TARDIO

Autores

  • Alessandro De Giorgi Professor Associado do Departamento de Estudos sobre Justiça da San José University (Califórnia, Estados Unidos).

Palavras-chave:

Marxismo, Punição, Prisões, Economia Política, Capitalismo Racial, Neoliberalismo.

Resumo

A presente contribuição oferece uma análise crítica das teorias neomarxistas da punição. A primeira parte do texto reconstrói duas perspectivas que emergiram da tradição criminológica materialista: (1) as chamadas “histórias revisionistas da punição” dos anos 1970, que revelaram as conexões históricas entre a emergência da pena moderna – isto é, a transição dos medievais “espetáculos de sofrimento” para a prisão disciplinar – e a consolidação de um sistema capitalista de produção baseado na exploração do trabalho; (2) a crítica neomarxista da pena contemporânea, que desenvolveu mais o cenário marxista numa tentativa de dissecar as relações estruturais entre as transformações no campo penal e processos contínuos de reestruturação do capitalismo neoliberal. A segunda parte endereça algumas críticas que tem se desenvolvido contra a perspectiva materialista – i.e, sua tendência em ignorar as dimensões político-institucionais das penas, sua relativa falta de atenção às dinâmicas racializadas da acumulação capitalista, e uma excessiva ênfase aos sentidos instrumentais das práticas penais às custas das dimensões simbólicas da punição. A terceira seção indica alguns dos desafios enfrentados pelas teorias neomarxistas da punição hoje, visualizando – ao longo dos recentes estudos sobre o poder carcerário sob o capitalismo racial – algumas possíveis novas direções de pesquisa num cenário crítico mais amplo, focado na interseção entre raça e classe como forças poderosas na reprodução do capitalismo.

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Biografia do Autor

Alessandro De Giorgi, Professor Associado do Departamento de Estudos sobre Justiça da San José University (Califórnia, Estados Unidos).

Ph.D. in Criminology from Keele University (United Kingdom) in 2005. Before joining the Department of Justice Studies in 2007, he was a research fellow in Criminology at the University of Bologna (Italy) and a visiting scholar at the Center for the Study of Law and Society (University of California, Berkeley).

Alessandro De Giorgi is a member of the Law & Society Association, the American Sociological Association, and the American Society of Criminology.

Currently, he is conducting ethnographic research on the socioeconomic consequences of concentrated incarceration and prisoner reentry in a disadvantaged neighborhood of Oakland, California.

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Publicado

2019-10-27

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De Giorgi, A. (2019). ESTRUTURAS SOCIAIS E REFORMAS PENAIS: CRÍTICAS MARXISTAS À PUNIÇÃO NO CAPITALISMO TARDIO. Direito Público, 16(89). Recuperado de https://www.portaldeperiodicos.idp.edu.br/direitopublico/article/view/3645

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Dossiê Temático - Ciências Criminais na Sociedade Contemporânea