Combinando Bibliotecas de Anúncios com Checagem de Fatos para Aumentar a Transparência sobre a Desinformação

Autores

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.11117/rdp.v18i99.5741

Palavras-chave:

fake news, desinformação, regulação de plataformas, liberdade de expressão, anúncios algorítmicos

Resumo

Ainda que muitas pessoas associem fake news a políticos, um componente fundamental da atual crise de desinformação ameaçando democracias é o fenômeno de sites que produzem desinformação por razões comerciais. Pessoas e organizações sem escrúpulos lucram emulando o estilo de comunicação de veículos de imprensa tradicionais, mas sem o esforço para cumprir diretrizes jornalísticas básicas na produção de informação verídica. A razão pela qual esse modelo de negócios é viável é que uma parcela crescente do dinheiro para anúncios é alocada por algoritmos. Veículos obscuros não atrairiam receita substancial de propaganda se as empresas estivessem tomando decisões individualizadas sobre onde colocar seus anúncios. Mas o micro direcionamento removeu o incentivo dos anunciantes de associar sua marca somente a fontes de notícias com boa reputação. Em substituição ao antigo modelo, agora as empresas anunciantes recebem uma oferta de grupos demográficos cuidadosamente demarcados e tomam decisões baseadas em quem atingir com a propaganda, em vez de decisões sobre qual site patrocinar. Decisões automatizadas de alocação de anúncios podem ser obscuras até para os próprios anunciantes. Este artigo adota metodologia teórica para identificar uma possível solução para mitigar o problema. O resultado encontrado é de que uma resposta regulatória que criasse mais transparência para os anúncios algorítmicos, assim realinhando os incentivos dos anunciantes, negaria receita de propaganda a publicadores de desinformação prejudicial. A melhor forma de alcançar esse objetivo é fornecer às empresas anunciantes e ao público em geral um conjunto de dados detalhados em larga escala sobre gastos com propaganda que seja cruzado com bases de dados de checagem de fatos.

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Biografia do Autor

Ivar Alberto Hartmann, Insper - SP

Professor Associado do Insper - SP. Doutorado em Direito Público pela UERJ. Mestre em Direito Público pela PUC-RS. Mestre em Direito (LL.M.) pela Harvard Law School.

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Publicado

2021-10-28

Como Citar

Hartmann, I. A. (2021). Combinando Bibliotecas de Anúncios com Checagem de Fatos para Aumentar a Transparência sobre a Desinformação. Direito Público, 18(99). https://doi.org/10.11117/rdp.v18i99.5741