Lei do aborto e direitos humanos na Polônia
O fechamento do horizonte jurisprudencial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.11117/rdp.v21i112.8233Resumo
: Em 22 de outubro de 2020, o Tribunal Constitucional da Polônia decidiu que um aborto devido à deficiência fetal era inconstitucional. Este artigo discute o contexto dessa decisão polêmica, bem como seus principais princípios, concentrando-se na interpretação dos direitos humanos oferecida pelo Tribunal e nas preocupações com o Estado de Direito levantadas pela decisão do Tribunal. Tendo como pano de fundo um breve histórico regulamentação legal do aborto na Polônia desde 1945, o artigo oferece uma avaliação crítica estrutura de direitos humanos usada no debate polonês sobre o aborto. Com base em uma leitura atenta da decisão do Tribunal e das opiniões divergentes, o artigo aponta as particularidades do envolvimento do Tribunal com o direito internacional e a jurisprudência de direitos humanos. O artigo argumenta que a decisão do Tribunal é mais um sintoma da crise em que se encontra o Estado de Direito na Polônia desde 2015. Ela evidencia o fechamento do horizonte jurisprudencial causado pela mudança política que vem ocorrendo na Polônia desde 2015, que consiste na redução do papel dos debates internacionais sobre direitos humanos como referência na jurisprudência constitucional polonesa. A decisão é, portanto, um presságio da futura conformidade da Polônia com seus compromissos internacionais em matéria de direitos humanos.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Polônia; Aborto; Direitos Humanos; Estado de Direito; Direito Constitucional.
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